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Putin was born in Leningrad during the Soviet Union.He studied law at Leningrad State Universitygraduating in He moved to Moscow in and joined President Boris Yeltsin 's administration, rising quickly through the ranks and becoming Acting President on 31 Decemberwhen Yeltsin resigned.
Experts do not generally consider Russia to be a democracy, citing the lack of free and fair elections, purges and jailing of opponents, and curtailed press freedom.His birth was preceded by the death of two brothers, Viktor and Albert, born in the mids.
On 1 SeptemberPutin started at School No.He was one of a few in the class of approximately 45 pupils who was not yet a member of the Young Pioneer organization.At age 12, he began to practice sambo and judo.He is a Judo black belt and national master of sports in Sambo.
He wished 009 edition watch smart black emulate the intelligence officers portrayed in Soviet cinema.From tohe served in DresdenEast Germany[46] using a cover identity as a translator.After the collapse of the Communist East German governmentPutin returned to Leningrad in earlywhere he worked for about three months with the International Affairs section of Leningrad State Universityreporting to Vice-Rector Yuriy Molchanov.
InPutin described communism as "a blind alley, far away from the mainstream of civilization".In a interview with Oliver StonePutin said that he resigned from the KGB infollowing the coup against Mikhail Gorbachev, as he did not agree with what had happened and did not want to be part of the intelligence in the new administration.
He described this in The Putin Interviews.On 28 Junehe became head of the Committee for External Relations of the Mayor's Officewith responsibility for promoting international relations and foreign investments [55] and registering business ventures.
Within a year, Putin was investigated by the city legislative council led by Marina Salye.Inhe managed the legislative election campaign for that party, and from through Junehe was the leader of its Saint Petersburg branch.
He occupied this position until March During 009 edition watch smart black tenure, Putin was responsible for the foreign property of the state and organized the transfer of the former assets of the Soviet Union and Communist Party to the Russian 009 edition watch smart black.
His predecessor on this position was 009 edition watch smart black Kudrin and the successor was Nikolai Patrushevboth future prominent politicians and Putin's associates.On 25 MayPutin was appointed First Deputy Chief of Presidential Staff for regions, replacing Viktoriya Mitina ; and, on 15 July, he was appointed head of the commission for the preparation of agreements on the delimitation of power of regions and the federal center attached to the president, replacing Sergey Shakhray.
After Putin's appointment, the commission completed no such agreements, although during Shakhray's term as the Head of the Commission 46 agreements were signed.Later on that same day, Putin agreed to run for the presidency.
On his appointment, few expected Putin, virtually unknown to the general public, to last any longer than his predecessors.He was initially regarded as a Yeltsin loyalist; like other prime ministers of Boris Yeltsin, Putin did not choose ministers himself, his cabinet was determined by the presidential administration.
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Yeltsin's main opponents and would-be successors were already campaigning to replace the ailing president, and they fought hard to prevent Putin's emergence as a potential successor.Following the Russian apartment bombingsPutin's law-and-order image and his unrelenting approach to the Second Chechen War against the Chechen Republic of Ichkeriasoon 009 edition watch smart black to raise Putin's popularity and allowed him to overtake all rivals.
While not formally associated with any party, Putin pledged his support to the newly formed Unity Party[72] which won the second largest percentage of the popular vote On assuming this role, Putin went on a previously scheduled visit to Russian troops in Chechnya.
The first Presidential Decree that Putin signed, on 31 Decemberwas titled "On guarantees for former president of the Russian Federation and members of his family".On 30 Decemberyet another case against the prosecutor general was dropped "for lack of evidence", in spite of thousands of documents passed by Swiss prosecution.
Vladimir Putin
The case of Putin's 009 edition watch smart black corruption in metal exports from was brought back by Marina Salyebut she was silenced and forced to leave Saint Petersburg.The inauguration of President Putin occurred on 7 May The first major challenge to Putin's popularity came in Augustwhen he was criticized for the alleged mishandling of the Kursk submarine disaster.
Between andPutin set about the reconstruction of the impoverished condition of the country, apparently winning a power-struggle with the Russian oligarchsreaching a 'grand bargain' with them.This bargain allowed the oligarchs to maintain most of their powers, in exchange for their explicit support for—and alignment with—Putin's government.
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The near year period prior to the rise of Putin after the dissolution of Soviet rule was a time of upheaval in Russia.The continued criminal prosecution of 009 edition watch smart black then richest man, President of Yukos oil and gas company Mikhail Khodorkovskyfor fraud and tax evasion was seen by the international press as a retaliation 009 edition watch smart black Khodorkovsky's donations to both liberal and communist opponents of the Kremlin.
On 7 OctoberAnna Politkovskayaa journalist who exposed corruption in the Russian army and its conduct in Chechnyawas shot in the lobby of her apartment building, on Putin's birthday.The death of Politkovskaya triggered international criticism, with accusations that Putin has failed to protect the country's new independent media.
In" Dissenters' Marches " were organized by the opposition group The Other Russia[] led by former chess champion Garry Kasparov and national-Bolshevist leader Eduard Limonov.Following prior warnings, demonstrations in several Russian cities were met by police action, which included interfering with the travel of the protesters and the arrests of as many as people who attempted to break through police lines.
Fradkov commented that it was to give the President a "free hand" in the run-up to the parliamentary election.Viktor Zubkov was appointed the new prime minister.In DecemberUnited Russia won Putin was barred from a third consecutive term by the Constitution.
In a power-switching operation on 8 Mayonly a day after handing the presidency to Medvedev, Putin was appointed Prime Minister of Russiamaintaining his political dominance.Putin has said that overcoming the consequences of the world economic crisis was one of the two main achievements of his second Premiership.
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Given United Russia's near-total dominance of Russian politics, many observers believed that Putin was assured of a third term.The move was expected to see Medvedev stand on the United Russia ticket in the parliamentary elections in December, with a goal of becoming Prime Minister at the end of his presidential term.
After the parliamentary elections on 4 Decembertens of thousands of Russians engaged in protests against alleged electoral fraud, the largest protests in Putin's time.Protesters criticized Putin and United Russia and demanded annulment of the election results.
On 24 Septemberwhile speaking at the United Russia party congress, Medvedev announced that he would recommend the party 009 edition watch smart black Putin as its presidential candidate.He also revealed that the two men had long ago cut a deal to allow Putin to run for president in Medvedev said he himself would be ready to perform "practical work in the government".
On 4 MarchPutin won 009 edition watch smart black Russian presidential elections in the first round, with Anti-Putin protests took place during and directly after the presidential campaign.
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Putin's presidency was inaugurated 009 edition watch smart black the Kremlin on 7 May Other decrees concerned educationhousing, skilled labor training, relations with the European Unionthe defense industryinter-ethnic relations, and other policy areas dealt with in Putin's program articles issued during the presidential campaign.
In andPutin and the United Russia party backed stricter legislation against the LGBT community, in Saint PetersburgArchangelsk and Novosibirsk ; a law called the Russian gay propaganda lawthat is against "homosexual propaganda" which prohibits such symbols as the rainbow flag as well as published works containing homosexual content was adopted by the State Duma in June In JunePutin attended a televised rally of the All-Russia People's Front where he was elected head of the movement, [] which was set up in In Russia made several military incursions into Ukrainian territory.
After the Euromaidan protests and the fall of Ukrainian president Viktor YanukovychRussian soldiers without insignias took control of strategic positions and infrastructure within the Ukrainian territory of Crimea.Russia then annexed Crimea after a 009 edition watch smart black referendum in which Crimeans voted to join the Russian Federation, according to official results.
In August Russian military vehicles crossed the border in several locations of Donetsk Oblast.In November the Ukrainian military reported intensive movement of troops and equipment from Russia into the separatist-controlled parts of eastern Ukraine.
The majority of members of the international community and organizations such 009 edition watch smart black Amnesty International have condemned Russia for its actions in post-revolutionary Ukraine, accusing it of breaking international law and of violating Ukrainian sovereignty.
Many [ quantify ] members of the international community assumed that Putin's annexation of Crimea had initiated a completely new kind of Russian foreign policy.While the act to annex the Crimea was bold and drastic, his "new" foreign policy may have more similarities to his older policies.
Vladimir Putin - Wikipedia
On 30 SeptemberPresident Putin authorized Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil Warfollowing a formal request by the Syrian government for military help against rebel and jihadist groups.The Russian military activities consisted of air strikes, cruise missile strikes and the use of front line advisors and Russian special forces 009 edition watch smart black militant groups opposed to the Syrian governmentincluding the Syrian oppositionas well as Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISILal-Nusra Front al-Qaeda in the LevantTahrir al-ShamAhrar al-Sham and the Army of Conquest.
In Januarya U.
Putin's domestic policies, particularly early in his first presidency, were aimed at creating a vertical power structure.On 13 Mayhe issued a decree putting the 89 federal subjects of Russia into seven administrative federal districts and appointed a presidential envoy responsible for each of those districts whose official title is Plenipotentiary Representative.
009 edition watch smart black Smart watch phone review onlineAccording to Stephen Whiteunder the presidency of Putin Russia made it clear that it had no intention of establishing a "second edition" of the American or British political system, but rather a system that was closer to Russia's own traditions and circumstances.
According to the proponents of that description, the government's actions and policies ought above all to enjoy popular support within Russia itself and not be directed or influenced from outside the country.In Julyaccording to a law proposed by Putin and approved by the Federal Assembly of RussiaPutin gained the right to dismiss the heads of the 89 federal subjects.
Inthe direct election of those heads usually called "governors" by popular vote was replaced with a system whereby they would be nominated by the president and approved or disapproved by regional legislatures.
During his first term in office, Putin opposed some of the Yeltsin-era oligarchsas well as his political opponents, resulting in the exile or imprisonment of such people as Boris BerezovskyVladimir Gusinskyand Mikhail Khodorkovsky ; other oligarchs such as 009 edition watch smart black Abramovich and Arkady Rotenberg are friends and allies with Putin.
Putin succeeded in codifying land law and tax law and promulgated new codes on labor, administrative, criminal, commercial and civil procedural law.During Putin's first eight years in office, industry grew substantially, as did production, construction, real incomes, credit, and 009 edition watch smart black middle class.
A fund for oil revenue allowed Russia to repay all of the Soviet Union's debts by Control over the economy was increased by placing individuals from the intelligence services and the military in key positions of the Russian economy, including on boards of large companies.
Inan industry consolidation programme was launched to bring the main aircraft producing companies under a single umbrella organization, the United Aircraft Corporation UAC.The aim was to optimize production lines and minimise losses.
A program was introduced with the aim 009 edition watch smart black increasing Russia's share of the European energy market by building submerged gas pipelines bypassing Ukraine and other countries which were often seen as non-reliable transit partners by Russia, especially following the Russia-Ukraine gas disputes of the late s.
Russia also undermined the rival Nabucco pipeline project by buying gas from Turkmenistan and redirecting it into Russian pipelines.Russia diversified its export markets by building the Trans-Siberian oil pipeline to support oil exports to China, Japan and Koreaas well as the Sakhalin—Khabarovsk—Vladivostok gas pipeline in the Russian Far East.
Russia has also recently built several major oil and gas refineries, plants and ports.A construction program of floating nuclear power plants is intended to provide power to Russian Arctic coastal cities and gas rigsstarting in As noted by Russian journalists after the presidential inauguration, Putin has since repeatedly predicted that Russia will become "one of the world's fifth largest economies" roughly within 10 years from that date; thus far this target has not been achieved.
The ongoing financial crisis began in the second half of when the Russian ruble collapsed due to a decline in the price of oil and international sanctions against Russia.These events in turn led to loss of investor confidence and capital flight.
Russia responded with its own sanctions against the West.